WEBVTT Kind: captions Language: en 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.319 When you need a machine to count but you don’t have a computer, 00:00:03.319 --> 00:00:05.900 just build yourself one of these. 00:00:05.900 --> 00:00:10.380 This is a stepper unit - one of six inside this pinball machine. 00:00:10.380 --> 00:00:13.670 In a previous video, we looked at the targets on its playfield, 00:00:13.670 --> 00:00:16.327 how the machine totals and shows you your score, 00:00:16.327 --> 00:00:20.782 and how, with a few relays and a wacky contraption called the score motor, 00:00:20.782 --> 00:00:23.732 the machine can perform automated sequences. 00:00:23.732 --> 00:00:27.407 Sequences such as awarding 5,000 points with a single switch hit, 00:00:27.407 --> 00:00:34.720 or even scanning through the five letter targets and awarding points based on how many you hit earlier in the game. 00:00:34.720 --> 00:00:39.163 If you haven’t seen that video, I would highly recommend watching it first. 00:00:39.163 --> 00:00:42.235 I've summoned a clicky thing for your convenience. 00:00:42.235 --> 00:00:46.126 A lot of what I cover here builds from that video, 00:00:46.126 --> 00:00:48.219 and since we’ve got a lot ahead of us still, 00:00:48.219 --> 00:00:54.666 I promise you that I will be striving with fervent commitment to restrain my various recapitulations 00:00:54.666 --> 00:00:58.870 to as diminutive a quantity and length as I can possibly muster 00:00:58.870 --> 00:01:07.710 in the (perhaps optimistic) hope that my restraint in this matter will result in a more economical expenditure of that most precious and finiteresource 00:01:07.710 --> 00:01:09.055 we call time. 00:01:09.801 --> 00:01:11.837 We’ll begin at the start. 00:01:11.837 --> 00:01:14.118 Pinball machines are an awful lot of fun, 00:01:14.118 --> 00:01:18.969 but we mustn't forget that the primary reason for their existence isn’t fun — 00:01:18.969 --> 00:01:21.212 it’s money money money! 00:01:21.212 --> 00:01:27.990 This machine’s prime directive is to relocate some quarters from your pockets to the cash box locked inside. 00:01:27.990 --> 00:01:32.770 And to make that more likely, it doesn’t work unless you put money in it. 00:01:32.770 --> 00:01:36.171 When the “game over” indicator on the backglass is illuminated 00:01:36.171 --> 00:01:40.221 the flippers are disabled, the ball gets a break and chills in the outhole, 00:01:40.221 --> 00:01:44.920 and the only way to start the game and play it is by feeding it a quarter. 00:01:44.920 --> 00:01:48.399 And would you believe it’s literally the quarter that starts the game? 00:01:48.399 --> 00:01:50.150 ‘Cause it is. 00:01:50.150 --> 00:01:56.039 This leaf switch here is what will kick the machine out of game-over mode and start the reset sequence. 00:01:56.039 --> 00:01:59.060 And it’s actuated by the movement of a small trip wire 00:01:59.060 --> 00:02:03.648 that quarters fall onto if they’re accepted by the coin mechanism. 00:02:03.648 --> 00:02:07.728 Coins that are rejected by the coin mech will fall forward of this point 00:02:07.728 --> 00:02:12.065 and end up behind the coin return flap so you can get them back. 00:02:12.065 --> 00:02:15.630 Now, I’m not gonna get into the actual coin mechanisms here. 00:02:15.630 --> 00:02:17.753 But I will add two bits of trivia. 00:02:18.378 --> 00:02:19.464 Oh, right. 00:02:21.730 --> 00:02:27.220 Firstly, these coin mechs are modular components that can be swapped without tools. 00:02:27.220 --> 00:02:29.724 Partly that’s for maintenance considerations - 00:02:29.724 --> 00:02:34.860 these are fiddly things which need occasional cleaning, adjustment, and possibly replacement. 00:02:34.860 --> 00:02:37.818 But they can also be swapped for different denominations, 00:02:37.818 --> 00:02:43.846 and when this particular machine left the factory, one of these coin mechanisms probably accepted dimes. 00:02:43.846 --> 00:02:47.570 You’d get one play for 10 cents, or three plays for a quarter - 00:02:47.570 --> 00:02:49.366 a volume discount! 00:02:49.366 --> 00:02:53.984 There are several options actually as far as how you want to configure the plays per coin type, 00:02:53.984 --> 00:02:58.245 and this coin door can even accommodate a third coin mech in the middle position - 00:02:58.245 --> 00:03:00.665 right now it’s simply blanked off. 00:03:00.665 --> 00:03:02.788 At some point in this machine’s life, 00:03:02.788 --> 00:03:06.953 its operator swapped the dime acceptor for a second quarter acceptor, 00:03:06.953 --> 00:03:09.017 changed the faceplate to reflect that, 00:03:09.017 --> 00:03:12.158 and configured the machine for one coin one play. 00:03:12.158 --> 00:03:17.013 The other interesting thing here is this: the coin lockout magnet. 00:03:17.013 --> 00:03:22.140 This electromagnet must be energized in order for the machine to take your coins. 00:03:22.140 --> 00:03:28.773 If it’s not, spring tension causes small wire loops to poke into the validation path of the coin mechanisms 00:03:28.773 --> 00:03:33.158 which causes them to return all coins even if they’re deemed good. 00:03:33.158 --> 00:03:39.407 The purpose of this is twofold: one, if the machine is switched off it can’t possibly start a game, 00:03:39.407 --> 00:03:41.829 so you don’t want it taking people’s money. 00:03:41.829 --> 00:03:44.976 And secondly, even when the machine is on, 00:03:44.976 --> 00:03:48.072 it can only process one thing at a time. 00:03:48.072 --> 00:03:53.018 If, say, you wanted to add a second player (which you do by feeding it a second quarter) 00:03:53.018 --> 00:03:56.566 but you did that while it was in the middle of the reset sequence, 00:03:56.566 --> 00:04:04.278 the coin hitting the leaf switch wouldn’t actually do anything, thus the machine would just steal your quarter, and you’d be mad. 00:04:04.278 --> 00:04:11.770 To reduce the risk of that happening, the coin lockout magnet gets its power through a switch on the index stack in the score motor. 00:04:11.770 --> 00:04:15.568 It will thus only be energized when the score motor is stopped and idle, 00:04:15.568 --> 00:04:21.766 which is the machine’s only state in which it can correctly process that you’ve inserted a coin. 00:04:21.766 --> 00:04:27.975 Technically someone could shove a quarter in at just the right moment and still have it get eaten, 00:04:27.975 --> 00:04:30.334 but the odds are very slim. 00:04:30.334 --> 00:04:35.237 [clacking as magnet energizes and de-energizes] 00:04:35.237 --> 00:04:43.134 Moving on, though, between games the machine stands by in game-over mode where nothing works and this light is on. 00:04:43.134 --> 00:04:46.057 And what puts it in game over mode, you ask? 00:04:46.057 --> 00:04:50.505 Why, the game over relay! Which lives here in the main cabinet. 00:04:50.505 --> 00:04:55.569 This is effectively the main on/off switch for the game’s automated functions. 00:04:55.569 --> 00:05:01.150 This switch within the relay breaks the return path to the transformer for an awful lot of stuff 00:05:01.150 --> 00:05:05.869 including the flippers, the bumpers, all of the targets and their respective relays, 00:05:05.869 --> 00:05:10.915 basically the whole game stops working when the game over relay is tripped. 00:05:10.915 --> 00:05:12.507 Because, ya know, 00:05:12.507 --> 00:05:13.991 game over. 00:05:13.991 --> 00:05:19.106 Now, you may notice that this relay is not like any of the others we’ve seen. 00:05:19.106 --> 00:05:24.242 It has two electromagnets because this is a latching relay. 00:05:24.242 --> 00:05:32.117 Not, it should be noted, a relay which “latches” by powering itself through some other switch somewhere else in the machine, 00:05:32.117 --> 00:05:37.335 but one that mechanically latches into one of two stable states. 00:05:37.335 --> 00:05:41.834 This coil, the trip coil, will shut off the game once it's fired. 00:05:41.834 --> 00:05:44.925 The other coil is the latch coil which… 00:05:44.925 --> 00:05:47.139 turns on the game once it's fired. 00:05:47.139 --> 00:05:50.546 Also, quick note, this is the Williams logo. 00:05:50.546 --> 00:05:52.908 Not the Motorola logo. 00:05:52.908 --> 00:05:57.650 They are awfully darn similar, but Williams made these relays in-house. 00:05:57.650 --> 00:06:05.656 So did Bally and Gottlieb - when you make thousands of pinball machines per month and each machine has dozens of relays, 00:06:05.656 --> 00:06:07.653 it definitely pays to roll your own. 00:06:08.382 --> 00:06:10.386 See, they’re rolls of wire. 00:06:10.386 --> 00:06:12.198 Wire’s rolled around a hollow cor- 00:06:12.198 --> 00:06:13.573 anyway, moving on... 00:06:13.573 --> 00:06:20.687 Given what we’ve just learned about the game over relay and how one coil turns off the machine and the other coil turns it on, 00:06:20.687 --> 00:06:25.920 what do you suppose the coin switches in the coin door send power to to start the game? 00:06:26.545 --> 00:06:29.380 That’s right, the coin relay! 00:06:29.380 --> 00:06:31.410 Or maybe the 10 cent relay. 00:06:31.410 --> 00:06:33.520 Or even the 25 cent relay! 00:06:34.562 --> 00:06:39.690 OK, I’m skipping over all of the stuff you can do for different coin types and plays per coin. 00:06:39.690 --> 00:06:45.510 It involves the score motor and adjustment jacks and is a layer of complexity we just don’t need right now. 00:06:45.510 --> 00:06:50.621 But it is in fact the coin relay that actually gets the ball rolling. 00:06:50.621 --> 00:06:55.980 And folks, explaining the next steps here is going to take a while. 00:06:55.980 --> 00:06:57.678 If you haven’t already gathered, 00:06:57.678 --> 00:07:02.539 a lot of stuff needs to happen when you insert a coin to play this game. 00:07:02.539 --> 00:07:07.080 The machine has various mechanisms throughout that may be in any number of configurations 00:07:07.080 --> 00:07:09.415 depending on how the last game went - 00:07:09.415 --> 00:07:12.557 including, of course, the score readouts. 00:07:12.557 --> 00:07:18.470 But we need them all to return to a known starting point before we can begin a new game. 00:07:18.470 --> 00:07:23.364 We are about to embark on a dissection of this machine’s reset sequence, 00:07:23.364 --> 00:07:29.754 and I regret to inform you that calling it a single sequence is quite the oversimplification. 00:07:29.754 --> 00:07:31.594 So strap in. 00:07:31.594 --> 00:07:35.167 Up here on the schematic is the coin relay’s coil. 00:07:35.167 --> 00:07:39.144 It becomes energized by the coin switches, but as we’ve seen before, 00:07:39.144 --> 00:07:44.491 a switch within the relay provides a power bypass so the relay will lock on and stay energized 00:07:44.491 --> 00:07:48.672 even after the original signal from the coin switch is lost. 00:07:48.672 --> 00:07:53.324 The coin relay is also one of the many things that will start the score motor turning. 00:07:53.324 --> 00:07:57.289 And just like the 5,000 point relay we looked at in the last video, 00:07:57.289 --> 00:08:01.394 its power bypass goes through switch 5-b in the score motor. 00:08:01.394 --> 00:08:08.580 So here we have another example of a relay that locks on, starts the score motor, makes some stuff happen as the score motor turns, 00:08:08.580 --> 00:08:13.012 and releases just before the score motor returns to the parked position. 00:08:13.012 --> 00:08:19.501 This unassuming little switch in the coin relay is what actually resets and starts the game. 00:08:19.501 --> 00:08:26.060 Looking at the schematic, you’ll notice that the circuit branches off at this point and meets another two switches. 00:08:26.060 --> 00:08:29.512 This switch here is in the score motor on switch stack one, 00:08:29.512 --> 00:08:33.690 and since it’s normally open, power doesn’t make it through just yet. 00:08:33.690 --> 00:08:37.770 The score motor has to move forward a bit to close this switch. 00:08:37.770 --> 00:08:42.351 But power will make it through this switch in the game over relay. 00:08:42.351 --> 00:08:44.978 Now, you might very well be saying to me, 00:08:44.978 --> 00:08:47.869 “but that switch is drawn as open, dingus!” 00:08:48.181 --> 00:08:49.978 And you’d be right! 00:08:49.978 --> 00:08:54.818 But this particular switch is a confusing little bugger. 00:08:54.818 --> 00:09:00.184 Every switch in the schematic is depicted as either normally open or normally closed, 00:09:00.184 --> 00:09:03.565 which is obvious enough for nearly everything in the game. 00:09:03.565 --> 00:09:06.766 Normal is defined by a switch’s resting position, 00:09:06.766 --> 00:09:12.232 so in the case of relays that means their position when the relay isn’t energized. 00:09:12.232 --> 00:09:18.184 But the game over relay doesn't have a single resting position, it has two resting positions! 00:09:18.184 --> 00:09:22.982 Its two separate coils flip it back and forth between one and the other. 00:09:22.982 --> 00:09:27.688 So, for the purposes of drawing that relay’s switches in the schematic, 00:09:27.688 --> 00:09:29.908 the drafters had to just pick one. 00:09:29.908 --> 00:09:36.155 And, unfortunately for us looking at this specific part of the game’s logic and sequencing, 00:09:36.155 --> 00:09:43.480 they decided to depict the game over relay in its latched position (meaning the game is on and in-play). 00:09:43.480 --> 00:09:47.300 For most of the schematic that decision makes much more sense, 00:09:47.300 --> 00:09:52.207 but since I’m going through what happens to actually turn the game on, 00:09:52.207 --> 00:09:56.840 prior to inserting a coin the game over relay is in fact tripped 00:09:56.840 --> 00:10:02.490 and thus every one of its switches is in the opposite position from how it’s drawn. 00:10:02.490 --> 00:10:06.718 Therefore, at the moment you insert a quarter and the coin relay energizes, 00:10:06.718 --> 00:10:12.959 power does get sent up through here to the reset relay coil and so the reset relay pulls in. 00:10:12.959 --> 00:10:15.900 And just in case you’re not confused enough already, 00:10:15.900 --> 00:10:23.959 you should know that the reset relay isn’t actually responsible for resetting the game - it only resets the scores. 00:10:23.959 --> 00:10:26.507 I will explain that in a moment but for now 00:10:26.507 --> 00:10:31.034 we’re going to ignore that and focus on the next thing that’s about to occur. 00:10:31.034 --> 00:10:34.373 Since the coin relay also starts the score motor turning, 00:10:34.373 --> 00:10:39.231 in just a moment switch 1-B will be pushed closed by the movement of cam 1 00:10:39.231 --> 00:10:43.190 and a pulse of power will get sent through to all this stuff. 00:10:43.190 --> 00:10:48.010 Now you’ll notice that the reset relay is also involved here with these two switches. 00:10:48.010 --> 00:10:49.010 Why? 00:10:49.531 --> 00:10:54.830 Well, there’s some complicated interlocking going on here since this is a multiplayer game. 00:10:54.830 --> 00:10:58.960 For now, let’s pretend we’re just starting a new single player game. 00:10:58.960 --> 00:11:02.123 Since the reset relay has been pulled in to reset the scores, 00:11:02.123 --> 00:11:08.980 this make-break switch will send power down this way and we’ll skip the coin unit step up coil. 00:11:08.980 --> 00:11:10.556 This switch is also closed 00:11:10.556 --> 00:11:15.621 so the upshot is that everything shown here except the coin unit step up coil 00:11:15.621 --> 00:11:19.217 will get actuated by the score motor through the coin relay. 00:11:19.217 --> 00:11:22.985 So now… what are these everythings? 00:11:22.985 --> 00:11:25.550 First, we have the total playmeter. 00:11:25.550 --> 00:11:29.931 That’s this odometer-lookin' thing which counts how many times the game has been played 00:11:29.931 --> 00:11:36.880 which is useful to know for lots of reasons, including gauging the need for servicing and auditing the machine’s cash intake. 00:11:37.534 --> 00:11:41.283 Then, remember, we’re skipping the coin unit step up coil. 00:11:41.283 --> 00:11:43.600 Instead we hit the coin unit reset coil. 00:11:44.017 --> 00:11:49.560 Then there’s the game over relay latch coil (which, remember, actually turns on the game). 00:11:49.560 --> 00:11:54.201 And we also send power to reset the ball count unit and the player unit. 00:11:54.201 --> 00:11:56.148 What are all those units? 00:11:56.148 --> 00:11:57.148 Stepper units! 00:11:57.460 --> 00:12:00.867 That’s what you saw in the thumbnail and I mentioned in the beginning. 00:12:00.867 --> 00:12:08.497 These are the devices that allow the machine to count and/or change its behavior based on their physical positions. 00:12:08.497 --> 00:12:10.870 Stepper units come in three flavors: 00:12:10.870 --> 00:12:12.337 continuously stepping, 00:12:12.337 --> 00:12:14.017 step up/step down, 00:12:14.017 --> 00:12:16.554 and step up/reset. 00:12:16.554 --> 00:12:21.727 Now, they might look pretty complicated but in reality they’re a pretty simple idea. 00:12:21.727 --> 00:12:26.855 In fact, score reels are technically a kind of continuously stepping stepper unit - 00:12:26.855 --> 00:12:32.786 a solenoid advances a ratcheting mechanism which moves the drum forward by 36 degrees. 00:12:32.786 --> 00:12:39.330 They are continuously stepping because they can only move in one direction and don’t have a defined end-point. 00:12:39.330 --> 00:12:43.095 But you don’t have to move a plastic drum with numbers printed on it - 00:12:43.095 --> 00:12:49.570 you could also move a series of wipers across a circuit board which will bridge contact patches together. 00:12:49.570 --> 00:12:54.753 And you can change the machine’s behavior based on what you wire to that circuit board. 00:12:54.753 --> 00:12:59.280 If you add a second solenoid to this mechanism which can step it in reverse, 00:12:59.280 --> 00:13:02.787 then you’ve got a step up/step down stepper unit. 00:13:02.787 --> 00:13:06.208 This machine has two of those which we’ll be looking at later. 00:13:06.208 --> 00:13:11.727 But if the second solenoid resets the stepper to its starting position with a single actuation, 00:13:11.727 --> 00:13:15.006 you’ve got a step up/reset stepper unit. 00:13:15.006 --> 00:13:22.395 The ball count unit, coin unit, and player unit are all reset with a single pulse to their reset solenoids, 00:13:22.395 --> 00:13:27.741 so when the score motor and coin relay send a pulse of power to their reset coils, 00:13:27.741 --> 00:13:31.611 they all return to their starting positions in one fell swoop. 00:13:31.834 --> 00:13:34.489 And that’s what the coin relay just did: 00:13:34.489 --> 00:13:38.953 in addition to switching the game on by pulsing the game over relay latch coil, 00:13:38.953 --> 00:13:43.814 it got all of the game’s critical stepper units reset to a known beginning state. 00:13:43.814 --> 00:13:46.453 The ball count unit was reset to ball one. 00:13:46.453 --> 00:13:49.103 The player unit was reset to player one. 00:13:49.103 --> 00:13:51.919 And the coin unit was reset to… 00:13:51.919 --> 00:13:53.576 single player. 00:13:53.576 --> 00:13:55.097 Don’t worry about that right now. 00:13:55.097 --> 00:14:02.750 But also don’t forget that we have to return 20 other stepper units back to a known state - the score reels. 00:14:02.750 --> 00:14:09.092 I’m sorry we’re moving back and forth so much but what I’ve just described all takes place in a fraction of a second. 00:14:10.828 --> 00:14:11.553 [ka-CHUNK] 00:14:13.504 --> 00:14:17.248 It’s been a challenge to decide how best to go about this. 00:14:17.248 --> 00:14:22.010 Remember that the coin relay also sent power to the reset relay up here - 00:14:22.010 --> 00:14:27.049 but you’ll notice that there is in fact more than one reset relay: there are four, 00:14:27.049 --> 00:14:31.560 helpfully numbered one, two, three, and reset relay. 00:14:31.560 --> 00:14:37.281 For your sake, I’m gonna call those numbered fellas the bump relays 1, 2, and 3. 00:14:37.281 --> 00:14:40.009 Trust me, that makes way more sense. 00:14:40.009 --> 00:14:46.122 The main reset relay, like so many others in the machine, will lock on through a switch within itself 00:14:46.122 --> 00:14:51.385 but this time its interlocking switch can get power from three separate sources. 00:14:51.385 --> 00:14:52.808 Did I say three? 00:14:52.899 --> 00:14:54.790 I meant 22. 00:14:55.034 --> 00:15:03.019 See, the primary thing the reset relay is actually doing is sending pulses through the score motor to those bump relays. 00:15:03.019 --> 00:15:04.965 When the reset relay is energized, 00:15:04.965 --> 00:15:10.245 power flows through impulse switch D which will send pulses to bump relays 1 and 2, 00:15:10.245 --> 00:15:15.243 and a second branch flows through impulse switch A to pulse bump relay 3. 00:15:15.243 --> 00:15:17.323 And this is what that looks like: 00:15:17.323 --> 00:15:22.417 those three relays are clacking away in the backbox five actuations at a time. 00:15:22.417 --> 00:15:26.056 Of course, I’ve rigged this to keep on clacking nonstop. 00:15:26.056 --> 00:15:29.799 Typically they only do this ten times and then the game is reset. 00:15:29.799 --> 00:15:32.155 What is it that those bump relays do? 00:15:32.155 --> 00:15:38.119 The switches within these relays send pulses of power to all of the score reels to repeatedly bump them, 00:15:38.119 --> 00:15:40.150 or advance their position. 00:15:40.150 --> 00:15:44.924 And each one of the score reels will stop automatically when it reaches zero. 00:15:44.924 --> 00:15:46.941 If you’re wondering how that could happen, 00:15:46.941 --> 00:15:50.691 remember the 9th position switch we saw in the last video? 00:15:50.691 --> 00:15:58.960 Well, I strategically ignored the other switches in that stack until right now because those are zero position switches. 00:15:58.960 --> 00:16:02.730 The little pivoting arm that pushes the switch stack up at the nine position 00:16:02.730 --> 00:16:07.779 swings the other way at the zero position and opens these two switches. 00:16:07.779 --> 00:16:13.509 One of the switches connects the solenoid in the score reel to its respective bump relay switch. 00:16:13.509 --> 00:16:17.153 When it’s showing any number other than zero, that switch is closed 00:16:17.153 --> 00:16:23.728 so the score reel solenoid will repeatedly receive a pulse of power during the reset and thus keep moving forward. 00:16:23.728 --> 00:16:30.168 But once it gets to zero, that switch opens so the pulses no longer make it through to the score reel’s solenoid 00:16:30.168 --> 00:16:32.104 and it stops moving. 00:16:32.104 --> 00:16:37.174 The other switch in the switch stack is part of the interlock circuit of the reset relay. 00:16:37.174 --> 00:16:45.492 And every single one of those in the machine is wired in parallel so that if any score reel should be on a number other than zero, 00:16:45.492 --> 00:16:52.670 the reset relay will remain energized and thus it will keep firing the bump relays to get them to zero. 00:16:52.670 --> 00:16:58.217 That means there are actually twenty-two different switches that can provide power to the reset relay - 00:16:58.217 --> 00:17:00.131 this switch in the index stack, 00:17:00.131 --> 00:17:01.957 this switch in the bonus relay, 00:17:01.957 --> 00:17:05.862 and the 20 switches in all of the score reels. 00:17:05.862 --> 00:17:09.052 Oh and look at that - there’s a mistake in the schematic! 00:17:09.052 --> 00:17:14.665 Somebody forgot how many score reels they were putting in this machine and said there were only 16 switches. 00:17:14.665 --> 00:17:15.996 How embarrassing! 00:17:15.996 --> 00:17:20.280 It’s a good thing schematics don’t have comment sections or they’d never hear the end of it. 00:17:20.280 --> 00:17:23.020 Jokes aside, that’s understandable. 00:17:23.020 --> 00:17:28.230 It’s actually quite odd that this game uses five score reels per player. 00:17:28.230 --> 00:17:33.228 Most of its contemporaries only used four, and I have a hunch that since this machine was built 00:17:33.228 --> 00:17:38.914 during the development of the new solid-state control systems which would use digital display technologies, 00:17:38.914 --> 00:17:45.917 Williams realized that all of the score reel parts they had in their inventory were about to become obsolete. 00:17:45.917 --> 00:17:50.764 So they might as well start using five per player to try and get rid of ‘em. 00:17:50.764 --> 00:17:52.748 Aztec wasn’t alone in this, 00:17:52.748 --> 00:18:00.143 several other Williams games from 1976 such as Grand Prix and Space Mission also use 20 score reels per game, 00:18:00.143 --> 00:18:07.810 but as far as I can tell all games released in 1975 stuck with four per player, 16 total. 00:18:07.810 --> 00:18:12.240 So I bet that little slip-up on the schematic was simply out of habit. 00:18:12.240 --> 00:18:15.944 Anyway, in action the resetting of the scores looks like this: 00:18:15.944 --> 00:18:18.283 [CLACK CLACK CLACK CLACK CLACK ... CLACk CLAck CLack Clack clak] 00:18:18.283 --> 00:18:22.162 Every score reel gets bumped until it shows zero. 00:18:22.162 --> 00:18:25.798 Since it should only take nine bumps at most to reach zero, 00:18:25.798 --> 00:18:30.585 two cycles of the score motor (with five bumps each) is enough to reset all the scores. 00:18:30.585 --> 00:18:34.267 [two sets of five clacks, diminishing as more reels reach zero] 00:18:34.267 --> 00:18:41.191 Once they’re all on zero, all of their zero-position switches are open, so the reset relay will de-energize. 00:18:41.191 --> 00:18:44.516 If we look at the three bump relays during this sequence, 00:18:44.516 --> 00:18:54.234 you’ll see tremendous amounts of arcing going on when the machine resets, especially after a four-player game where nearly every score reel is off of zero. 00:18:54.234 --> 00:18:59.940 Now twenty solenoids all firing at the same time is a recipe for a blown fuse, 00:18:59.940 --> 00:19:05.048 so you might have noticed that the score reels were actually moving in two groups. 00:19:05.048 --> 00:19:07.220 It’s very subtle, but see if you can spot it. 00:19:07.602 --> 00:19:09.760 I’ll slow that down. 00:19:09.760 --> 00:19:14.450 This grouping is accomplished by the impulse-forward switch on the score motor. 00:19:14.450 --> 00:19:15.299 That switch, 00:19:15.299 --> 00:19:18.194 which the schematic designates impulse switch D, 00:19:18.194 --> 00:19:22.219 is positioned literally forward of the other impulse switch stack. 00:19:22.219 --> 00:19:27.276 That way the two don’t get actuated at the same time by the movement of the cams below. 00:19:27.276 --> 00:19:29.219 Instead they alternate, 00:19:29.219 --> 00:19:33.756 and the number three bump relay fires before one and two. 00:19:33.756 --> 00:19:37.984 That breaks the score reel solenoids into a group of 12 and a group of 8, 00:19:37.984 --> 00:19:40.780 much more manageable current-wise. 00:19:40.780 --> 00:19:43.973 OK - so at this point, the game is on, 00:19:43.973 --> 00:19:45.715 the scores all show zero, 00:19:45.715 --> 00:19:50.390 and the stepper units the game needs to keep track of its program are all reset. 00:19:50.390 --> 00:19:52.262 So now what? 00:19:52.262 --> 00:19:58.398 Well, it needs to kick the ball out of the outhole and into the shooter lane so you can actually play the game. 00:19:58.398 --> 00:20:04.232 Let’s look on the schematic for the outhole kicker coil so we can find out what sends it power. 00:20:04.232 --> 00:20:06.843 Apparently it’s called the ball release coil. 00:20:06.843 --> 00:20:11.001 OK, so it’s gonna get power from switch 4-B in the score motor, 00:20:11.001 --> 00:20:15.427 but only if this switch in the outhole relay is closed. 00:20:16.101 --> 00:20:19.661 [sigh] so let’s find the outhole relay then. 00:20:19.661 --> 00:20:21.641 Oh, it’s right up here. 00:20:21.641 --> 00:20:26.302 OK so that relay’s got its own switch to lock it on (of course it does), 00:20:26.302 --> 00:20:32.524 and like so many other things that power path will eventually be broken by switch 5-B in the score motor. 00:20:32.524 --> 00:20:36.009 But what gives it the initial pulse of power is… 00:20:36.009 --> 00:20:39.453 the… um… 00:20:39.453 --> 00:20:40.678 what’s all this? 00:20:40.678 --> 00:20:46.301 Why is it going through the bonus relay… and the bonus unit zero position switch? 00:20:46.301 --> 00:20:50.211 I’ll tell you why: it’s another utterly confusing thing! 00:20:50.211 --> 00:20:54.785 The outhole switch - that is, the switch the ball closes when it lands in the outhole 00:20:54.785 --> 00:20:58.994 - energizes the bonus relay, not the outhole relay. 00:20:58.994 --> 00:21:04.640 The outhole relay, in turn, is energized by the bonus unit’s zero position switch. 00:21:05.161 --> 00:21:07.690 For now, we’re gonna ignore the bonus unit. 00:21:07.690 --> 00:21:10.367 I promise this is going to make sense eventually. 00:21:10.434 --> 00:21:12.755 So - we’ve inserted a coin. 00:21:12.755 --> 00:21:15.043 The game and the score have reset 00:21:15.043 --> 00:21:18.024 We’re on ball one and player one is up. 00:21:18.024 --> 00:21:22.380 The bonus unit was in the zero position, so the outhole relay did get energized 00:21:22.380 --> 00:21:27.158 which caused the ball release coil to be fired when switch 4-B of the score motor was actuated. 00:21:27.158 --> 00:21:31.780 And now the ball is finally in the shooter lane and the game can be played. 00:21:32.440 --> 00:21:37.703 But now, I’m going to put the ball back into the outhole - watch what happens. 00:21:37.703 --> 00:21:40.881 [several mechanical noises in a rhythmic sequence] 00:21:41.749 --> 00:21:45.950 The ball was sent back to the shooter lane after two cycles of the score motor, 00:21:45.950 --> 00:21:50.155 and the ball-in-play did not change. We’re still on ball one. 00:21:50.155 --> 00:21:51.825 I can just keep doing this forever 00:21:51.825 --> 00:21:54.499 [that same rhythmic sequence] 00:21:54.499 --> 00:21:58.426 and the game will keep serving me the ball again and again. 00:21:58.426 --> 00:21:59.944 Why is it doing this? 00:21:59.944 --> 00:22:03.367 [KA ch ch ch ch ka-CHUNK ch ka-CHAKA clunk] 00:22:03.367 --> 00:22:09.191 Well, suppose the ball release coil is getting weak or the mechanism is gummed up in some way. 00:22:09.191 --> 00:22:12.997 It may not get the ball into the shooter lane on the first try. 00:22:12.997 --> 00:22:15.586 The designers foresaw that possibility 00:22:15.586 --> 00:22:19.958 (or, more likely, older games screwed this up and they learned a lesson) 00:22:19.958 --> 00:22:22.905 so they designed an interrupt into the program 00:22:22.905 --> 00:22:28.615 which prevents it from advancing to the next ball until the ball has actually hit a target. 00:22:28.615 --> 00:22:31.732 That interrupt is in the form of a relay, would you believe it? 00:22:31.732 --> 00:22:35.275 And that relay is the ball index relay. 00:22:35.275 --> 00:22:39.625 This is the relay itself, and this is where it lives on the schematic. 00:22:39.625 --> 00:22:45.182 This relay is connected to switches in the 10, 100, and 1,000 point relays. 00:22:45.250 --> 00:22:46.400 In this particular game, 00:22:46.400 --> 00:22:52.030 the ball must hit at least one target worth those point values as it enters the playfield: 00:22:52.030 --> 00:22:54.538 if it doesn’t hit a 100 point rollover button, 00:22:54.538 --> 00:22:56.497 it may hit the 10 point bumpers, 00:22:56.497 --> 00:22:59.155 and if it misses both it will absolutely go through 00:22:59.155 --> 00:23:02.010 one of the 1,000 point rollover lanes. 00:23:02.010 --> 00:23:09.006 hat means that technically the only relay that needs to activate the ball index relay is the 1,000 point relay, 00:23:09.006 --> 00:23:15.558 but all three can activate it most likely for redundancy in case one of those switches gets dirty or fails. 00:23:15.558 --> 00:23:17.772 Anyway, here’s why it’s important: 00:23:17.772 --> 00:23:23.918 until this relay is energized, the game does not consider the ball to have made it to the playfield, 00:23:23.918 --> 00:23:28.651 and it will not increment the ball count if the ball ends up in the outhole. 00:23:28.651 --> 00:23:32.611 It will just keep trying to serve the ball to you over and over again. 00:23:32.611 --> 00:23:36.788 But once it does, you’re free to have a ball and play the game. 00:23:36.788 --> 00:23:42.539 Since I’ve already gone over how all the stuff on the playfield works, we’re not going to get into much at all here. 00:23:42.539 --> 00:23:46.350 Except for this: Advance Bonus. 00:23:46.350 --> 00:23:48.681 Some of the targets advance the bonus value, 00:23:48.681 --> 00:23:55.327 shown by this arc of illuminated inserts on the playfield which us pinball nerds call the bonus ladder. 00:23:55.327 --> 00:24:00.166 Every ball begins with 5,000 points which will be awarded at the end of the ball, 00:24:00.166 --> 00:24:06.419 but you can increase the bonus value by hitting the targets that say “advance bonus.” 00:24:06.419 --> 00:24:09.372 Watch what happens when I hit the center rollover button. 00:24:09.372 --> 00:24:09.872 [clack] 00:24:10.809 --> 00:24:15.117 We hear a click, and the next light on the bonus ladder is now lit. 00:24:15.117 --> 00:24:16.273 That click: 00:24:16.273 --> 00:24:17.004 [clack] 00:24:17.247 --> 00:24:20.221 It came from, well two things actually: 00:24:20.221 --> 00:24:24.618 the advance relay and the bonus unit step up coil. 00:24:24.618 --> 00:24:30.463 The bonus unit lives on the underside of the playfield, not too far from the bonus ladder, as it turns out. 00:24:30.463 --> 00:24:34.770 You may notice that there's a pretty large crack in it. 00:24:34.770 --> 00:24:36.590 Did I do that? 00:24:36.590 --> 00:24:37.714 That’s not important. 00:24:37.714 --> 00:24:40.811 This is a step up/step down stepper unit. 00:24:40.811 --> 00:24:47.730 One solenoid moves the wiper arms forward by one step, and the other moves them backward by only one step. 00:24:47.730 --> 00:24:49.984 This has eleven possible positions: 00:24:49.984 --> 00:24:52.845 zero, 5,000, 10,000, 00:24:52.845 --> 00:24:57.763 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50,000 points. 00:24:57.763 --> 00:25:03.179 The contacts and wipers here are mostly used for the indicator lights in the playfield. 00:25:03.179 --> 00:25:11.327 These bonus lights are wired to these little studs, and the wipers connect each individual light up to a power source as they move - 00:25:11.327 --> 00:25:17.309 thereby showing how many steps away from the zero position the bonus unit’s mechanism is. 00:25:17.309 --> 00:25:23.680 The player doesn’t realize that’s what’s going on - they just know how many bonus points they’re due at the end of the ball. 00:25:23.680 --> 00:25:26.899 But you know that’s what’s going on because I just told you. 00:25:26.899 --> 00:25:29.431 That’s the critical piece of information here: 00:25:29.431 --> 00:25:33.487 “how many steps is the mechanism away from zero?” 00:25:33.487 --> 00:25:37.960 That in and of itself is what’s totaling the points to be awarded. 00:25:37.960 --> 00:25:44.201 To explain how that works, let’s say there’s 15,000 points on the bonus ladder and you lose your ball. 00:25:44.201 --> 00:25:48.580 The ball’s gonna end up in the outhole and land on the outhole switch. 00:25:48.580 --> 00:25:53.207 When it closes, power that’s coming from the score motor and traveling through this switch 00:25:53.207 --> 00:25:57.262 can finally make it through and energize the bonus relay coil. 00:25:57.262 --> 00:26:04.789 That relay will lock on through this switch here, and then… well it's got to award 15,000 points. 00:26:04.789 --> 00:26:09.306 To find out how that happens, we need to look at the 1,000 point relay. 00:26:09.306 --> 00:26:12.416 In addition to all the stuff down here that we looked at before, 00:26:12.416 --> 00:26:14.624 there’s a path through the double bonus relay 00:26:14.624 --> 00:26:16.577 and this bonus relay switch 00:26:16.577 --> 00:26:22.237 and the ball index relay to this grey and white wire up at D-7. 00:26:22.237 --> 00:26:27.053 And what we find once we go up there is impulse switch C. 00:26:27.053 --> 00:26:31.941 Since that’s going to send five pulses of power through as the score motor turns, 00:26:31.941 --> 00:26:37.953 the 1,000 point relay gets actuated five times and 5,000 points are added to the score. 00:26:37.953 --> 00:26:43.555 But of course we’re not done - and indeed, adding those points isn’t all that happened. 00:26:43.555 --> 00:26:46.297 Watch how this sequence actually occurs. 00:26:46.297 --> 00:26:48.326 [five dings, then a clunk] 00:26:48.326 --> 00:26:55.405 Just after the 5,000 points are awarded, we hear a clunk and the bonus ladder moves down to 10,000 points. 00:26:56.863 --> 00:27:02.654 That clunk was the bonus unit reset coil moving the stepper unit’s wiper arms back one notch. 00:27:04.147 --> 00:27:07.612 Let’s find that on the schematic so we can see why that happened. 00:27:07.612 --> 00:27:12.831 Here we are - that coil gets its power through switch 5-A in the score motor. 00:27:12.831 --> 00:27:16.793 That then travels through a make/break switch in the double bonus relay, 00:27:16.793 --> 00:27:19.650 before hitting the switch in the bonus relay. 00:27:19.650 --> 00:27:22.747 Because of the sequencing in the cams of the score motor, 00:27:22.747 --> 00:27:29.096 switch 5-A is actuated just after the fifth pulse of the 1,000 point coil. 00:27:29.096 --> 00:27:32.074 So, as we saw, we got 5,000 points, 00:27:32.074 --> 00:27:36.201 then the bonus unit moved down to 10,000 points remaining. 00:27:36.201 --> 00:27:38.544 Now the ball is still in the outhole, 00:27:38.544 --> 00:27:41.907 and the bonus unit is still not in the zero position. 00:27:41.907 --> 00:27:43.417 So what happens next? 00:27:43.417 --> 00:27:45.380 The same exact thing. 00:27:45.380 --> 00:27:49.818 The 1,000 point relay coil gets five pulses, awarding 5,000 points, 00:27:49.818 --> 00:27:55.672 and just after the fifth pulse the bonus unit steps down and now 5,000 points remain. 00:27:55.672 --> 00:28:03.102 Since it’s still not at zero and the ball is still in the outhole, we repeat this once more and our 15,000 points have been awarded. 00:28:03.102 --> 00:28:06.505 [five dings, then a clunk - repeated three times] 00:28:06.505 --> 00:28:14.017 However, after those last 5,000 points are awarded the bonus unit reset coil is still going to get pulsed. 00:28:14.017 --> 00:28:19.174 Once it gets that pulse, it’s going to move and end up in the zero position. 00:28:19.174 --> 00:28:21.339 And now, things change. 00:28:21.339 --> 00:28:24.495 Remember how the bonus relay was getting power? 00:28:24.495 --> 00:28:30.528 It initially came through this make/break switch marked “bonus unit zero position switch.” 00:28:30.528 --> 00:28:39.541 At zero, power is redirected, disconnecting power from the bonus relay coil and instead sending power to the outhole relay coil. 00:28:39.541 --> 00:28:46.135 Also of note, the bonus relay’s power bypass went through a zero-position switch in the bonus unit, too, 00:28:46.135 --> 00:28:54.334 so once the bonus unit has made it to the zero position, the bonus relay is de-energized and effectively locked-out. 00:28:54.334 --> 00:28:57.309 So now, what happens next? 00:28:57.309 --> 00:29:00.154 We know the outhole relay has been energized, 00:29:00.154 --> 00:29:06.990 but without hunting through the schematic to find every outhole relay switch, how are we to know what it actually does? 00:29:07.441 --> 00:29:10.689 Well, we do know three things are going to happen for sure: 00:29:10.689 --> 00:29:14.292 it needs to give the ball back so ball two can be played, 00:29:14.292 --> 00:29:19.071 it also needs to reset any of the relays that might have been triggered in the last ball 00:29:19.071 --> 00:29:23.405 (like the AZTEC relays, and let’s not forget the ball index relay), 00:29:23.405 --> 00:29:27.488 and then it needs to move the ball-in-play from one to two. 00:29:27.488 --> 00:29:31.169 Let’s look at those one at a time, starting with those relays. 00:29:31.169 --> 00:29:33.480 That’s actually pretty simple. 00:29:33.480 --> 00:29:39.404 Every relay which locks on through the course of a ball-in-play but resets when a new ball begins 00:29:39.404 --> 00:29:43.728 is wired through this normally-closed switch in the outhole relay. 00:29:43.728 --> 00:29:45.988 As soon as the bonus count is finished, 00:29:45.988 --> 00:29:51.464 those relays will all release since the outhole relay becomes energized and opens this switch. 00:29:51.464 --> 00:29:53.307 And sure enough, that’s what we see. 00:29:53.307 --> 00:29:57.404 [ten dings as bonus is counted down, then several clunks] 00:29:57.404 --> 00:30:02.311 Since it also has to give the ball back, let’s revisit the ball release coil. 00:30:02.311 --> 00:30:04.029 We’ve already looked at that before, 00:30:04.029 --> 00:30:11.781 and it is pulsed by switch 4-B in the score motor through the outhole relay just like it was when it delivered the first ball of the game. 00:30:11.781 --> 00:30:18.540 But now, since we have played through the first ball, it has to move the ball-in-play from one to two. 00:30:18.540 --> 00:30:23.515 That’s handled by the ball count unit which lives here in the main cabinet. 00:30:23.515 --> 00:30:32.174 It’s another stepper unit but this one only has two wipers, both of which are wired to the common ground back to the transformer. 00:30:32.174 --> 00:30:34.053 To explain what that means, 00:30:34.053 --> 00:30:38.289 this arm light up the ball-in-play lights on the backglass. 00:30:38.289 --> 00:30:43.636 And there’s actually voltage going through the light bulb filaments all the time - 00:30:43.636 --> 00:30:49.883 the only reason they aren't all lit right now is that wires for each bulb are broken right here. 00:30:49.883 --> 00:30:53.224 They reach a dead end at the contact patches. 00:30:53.224 --> 00:30:57.969 The wiper arm, though, will complete the circuit once it touches the patch. 00:30:57.969 --> 00:31:03.880 The corresponding light, then, becomes lit depending on the position of the ball count unit’s arms. 00:31:03.880 --> 00:31:09.009 Oh, and by the way - I do appreciate how Williams arranged the lights in the order 00:31:09.009 --> 00:31:12.154 1, 4, 2, 5, 3. 00:31:12.154 --> 00:31:14.735 Since this can be set to three-ball play, 00:31:14.735 --> 00:31:21.111 it would probably make you feel a little ripped off if the last ball shown was in the middle of this yellow box. 00:31:21.111 --> 00:31:22.665 Clever thinking. 00:31:22.665 --> 00:31:26.108 The other wiper and contact patches on this stepper? 00:31:26.108 --> 00:31:29.026 Those come into play at the very end of the game. 00:31:29.026 --> 00:31:31.949 See if you can guess what they complete a circuit to. 00:31:31.949 --> 00:31:35.242 As a refresher, this is a step up/reset stepper, 00:31:35.242 --> 00:31:40.609 and its reset coil was pulsed at the beginning of the game to return it to the ball one position. 00:31:40.609 --> 00:31:46.690 But now we’ve played ball one, the bonus points have been awarded, and it needs to move to ball two. 00:31:46.690 --> 00:31:50.364 Let’s find the ball count unit step up coil. 00:31:50.364 --> 00:31:52.747 That’s up here - and now 00:31:52.747 --> 00:31:57.242 you’re going to get a clue about how this machine handles multiplayer games. 00:31:57.242 --> 00:32:03.510 The circuit path for the ball count unit step up coil is about as convoluted as it could be. 00:32:03.510 --> 00:32:05.629 Power goes through the outhole relay, 00:32:05.629 --> 00:32:07.394 then the extra ball relay, 00:32:07.394 --> 00:32:09.390 then the ball index relay, 00:32:09.390 --> 00:32:11.989 then switch 1-C in the score motor, 00:32:11.989 --> 00:32:18.176 then it takes one of several possible paths through the player unit and coin unit 00:32:18.176 --> 00:32:22.986 before finally hitting the coil which moves the ball count unit up. 00:32:22.986 --> 00:32:29.072 But all we need is a single pulse, and once it’s sent through it moves to the next position. 00:32:29.072 --> 00:32:36.419 And now, ball two is shown on the backglass and the ball is back in the shooter lane to be played again. 00:32:36.419 --> 00:32:43.933 Everything in the game is exactly as it was in the very beginning other than the score reels for player one being… 00:32:43.933 --> 00:32:46.773 wherever they happen to be depending on how well you did 00:32:46.773 --> 00:32:52.530 and the ball count unit being in the second position which illuminates the 2 on the backglass. 00:32:52.530 --> 00:32:53.874 You play ball two, 00:32:53.874 --> 00:32:57.141 the first target the ball hits energizes the ball index relay, 00:32:57.141 --> 00:32:59.645 the rest of the ball goes how it goes, 00:32:59.645 --> 00:33:05.270 and when you lose the ball the exact same sequence we just went over will happen again. 00:33:05.270 --> 00:33:08.241 The outhole switch energizes the bonus relay, 00:33:08.241 --> 00:33:12.202 which will award 5,000 points then step the bonus unit down. 00:33:12.202 --> 00:33:15.126 It repeats that until the bonus unit hits zero, 00:33:15.126 --> 00:33:17.921 at which point the bonus relay becomes locked out, 00:33:17.921 --> 00:33:19.902 the outhole relay takes over, 00:33:19.902 --> 00:33:23.045 whatever relays that locked on in the prior ball are all released, 00:33:23.045 --> 00:33:27.417 and the score motor sends pulses of power to several things in-sequence 00:33:27.417 --> 00:33:30.170 including the ball count unit to move to ball three 00:33:30.170 --> 00:33:33.502 and the ball release coil to send it back to the shooter lane. 00:33:33.502 --> 00:33:35.149 Simple! 00:33:35.149 --> 00:33:37.313 But I’ve forgotten something. 00:33:37.313 --> 00:33:41.866 Every ball begins with 5,000 points on the bonus ladder already. 00:33:42.109 --> 00:33:49.415 That means the bonus unit step up coil must be getting pulsed by the outhole relay at some point in its sequence. 00:33:49.415 --> 00:33:54.524 And sure enough it is, through switch 3-b in the score motor. 00:33:54.524 --> 00:33:59.994 This explains why if the ball lands in the outhole before it hits a target on the playfield, 00:33:59.994 --> 00:34:04.418 it takes two cycles of the score motor for it to return the ball to you. 00:34:04.418 --> 00:34:07.933 [five rapid ticks, a clunk, then more ticking and clunking] 00:34:07.933 --> 00:34:13.619 What actually happened just there is the same exact sequence as if you had lost the ball - 00:34:13.619 --> 00:34:19.631 the outhole switch energized the bonus relay, and it attempted to award 5,000 points. 00:34:19.631 --> 00:34:25.143 That takes one cycle of the score motor, and the bonus unit reset coil was pulsed at the end. 00:34:25.143 --> 00:34:30.029 Then, with the bonus unit in the zero position, the outhole relay took over. 00:34:30.029 --> 00:34:32.782 It’s no different from any other ball drain. 00:34:32.782 --> 00:34:36.300 However, since the ball never made it onto the playfield, 00:34:36.300 --> 00:34:39.350 these open switches in the ball index relay 00:34:39.350 --> 00:34:44.429 prevented it from actually awarding those 5,000 points while the bonus relay did its thing 00:34:44.429 --> 00:34:49.434 and from incrementing the ball count when the outhole relay returned the ball. 00:34:54.128 --> 00:34:55.758 Pretty clever. 00:34:55.834 --> 00:34:58.160 But let’s get back to where we were. 00:34:58.160 --> 00:35:04.070 We are on ball three, and this time let’s say you score an extra ball during play. 00:35:04.070 --> 00:35:08.200 That becomes possible when all of the AZTEC letter targets have been hit. 00:35:08.200 --> 00:35:15.160 And, quick note, that’s affected by the game’s difficulty adjustment which we find here in the schematic. 00:35:15.160 --> 00:35:16.866 I am not going over that. 00:35:16.866 --> 00:35:19.463 But when set to conservative, as it is now, 00:35:19.463 --> 00:35:22.298 once all of the AZTEC relays are energized, 00:35:22.298 --> 00:35:26.914 the center target becomes lit for an extra ball by the setup relay. 00:35:26.914 --> 00:35:31.525 That lights the “when lit” light and also closes this switch. 00:35:31.525 --> 00:35:33.971 If you manage to hit the center target, then, 00:35:33.971 --> 00:35:39.425 a pulse of power is sent to the extra ball relay which then locks on until the end of the ball 00:35:39.425 --> 00:35:45.002 and lights up the "same player shoots again" lights both in the backglass and on the playfield. 00:35:45.002 --> 00:35:47.184 How does that give you an extra ball? 00:35:47.184 --> 00:35:52.670 You may remember that one of the things in that convoluted circuit path which incremented the ball count unit 00:35:52.670 --> 00:35:56.813 was a normally-closed switch in the extra ball relay. 00:35:56.813 --> 00:36:00.896 Since, once you’ve earned an extra ball, that switch becomes open… 00:36:00.896 --> 00:36:08.549 well the pulse from the score motor that would increment the ball count unit after the bonus countdown simply doesn’t make it through. 00:36:08.549 --> 00:36:11.569 The game will do everything it normally does at the end of a ball, 00:36:11.569 --> 00:36:15.446 including awarding the bonus and returning the ball to you to be played again, 00:36:15.446 --> 00:36:18.184 but it won’t move the ball count unit. 00:36:18.184 --> 00:36:20.204 It will just stay where it was. 00:36:20.204 --> 00:36:23.987 It also doesn’t send a pulse through to the player reset relay, 00:36:23.987 --> 00:36:26.293 but that’s not important right now. 00:36:26.293 --> 00:36:33.231 The extra ball relay’s interlock path goes through all the point relays as well as the ball index relay, 00:36:33.231 --> 00:36:38.097 so once you get an extra ball, the “same player shoots again” lights remain lit 00:36:38.097 --> 00:36:42.712 until the same player shoots again and the ball actually hits something. 00:36:42.712 --> 00:36:47.338 The last thing I want to touch on is what happens when you activate double bonus. 00:36:47.338 --> 00:36:52.680 You score double bonus by hitting either of these targets after hitting the Z or T targets - 00:36:52.680 --> 00:36:57.064 when both conditions are met, that will activate the double bonus relay. 00:36:57.064 --> 00:37:02.256 We’ve already seen the double bonus relay’s switches come into play a few times in this video, 00:37:02.256 --> 00:37:05.546 but what they actually do is quite interesting. 00:37:05.546 --> 00:37:09.664 First, of course, it lights up the “double bonus when lit” indicator. 00:37:09.664 --> 00:37:15.447 But it also radically changes how the bonus sequence occurs at the end of the ball. 00:37:15.447 --> 00:37:23.154 Notice that this make/break switch connects the bonus unit reset coil to impulse switch B in the score motor. 00:37:23.154 --> 00:37:28.322 That will make it rapidly fire five times with each score motor rotation. 00:37:28.322 --> 00:37:35.826 We also find that this make/break switch redirects power from the 1,000 point relay to the 10,000 point relay. 00:37:35.826 --> 00:37:39.462 In action, this means that the awarding of your bonus points 00:37:39.462 --> 00:37:43.440 happens much more quickly when double bonus is lit. 00:37:43.440 --> 00:37:48.849 Since each spot on the bonus ladder is now worth 10,000 points rather than 5,000, 00:37:48.849 --> 00:37:55.030 only a single pulse to the 10,000 point score reel is required per lit spot on the ladder. 00:37:55.030 --> 00:37:56.752 So the process is really quick, 00:37:56.752 --> 00:37:59.628 taking at most two cycles of the score motor. 00:37:59.628 --> 00:38:01.623 [five rapid clunks, then three] 00:38:02.005 --> 00:38:03.731 [more clicks as it resets for the next ball] 00:38:10.000 --> 00:38:13.390 Of course, once the bonus unit reaches the zero position, 00:38:13.390 --> 00:38:14.904 the bonus relay releases, 00:38:14.904 --> 00:38:16.659 the outhole relay takes over, 00:38:16.659 --> 00:38:20.620 and the same end-of-ball sequence we’ve been looking at happens once again. 00:38:20.620 --> 00:38:25.378 Which, by the way, will remove power to the double bonus relay coil so... 00:38:25.378 --> 00:38:27.537 too bad on your next ball. 00:38:27.537 --> 00:38:30.404 I’m about to wrap this video up because runtime, 00:38:30.404 --> 00:38:33.257 but I want to focus on the word sequence. 00:38:33.257 --> 00:38:38.762 Remember that the score motor’s numbered switch stacks are actuated one-at-a-time. 00:38:38.762 --> 00:38:41.887 In this clip, I’ve filmed the score motor in low-light 00:38:41.887 --> 00:38:45.708 so you can see how the arcing appears to travel from left-to-right. 00:38:46.576 --> 00:38:52.087 [rapid clicking and clacking] 00:38:52.087 --> 00:38:55.608 All of this is all happening thanks to the outhole relay - 00:38:55.608 --> 00:39:02.423 that one relay connects five things to these switches and they are each actuated in order. 00:39:02.500 --> 00:39:04.448 Some of them we’ve already touched on - 00:39:04.448 --> 00:39:06.067 others we haven’t. 00:39:06.067 --> 00:39:13.060 But the order of operations is critical here because each action that takes place might change the next. 00:39:13.789 --> 00:39:22.570 The very first thing the outhole relay makes happen is push a pulse through switch 1-C to increment the ball-count unit. 00:39:22.570 --> 00:39:24.370 And after the last ball, 00:39:24.370 --> 00:39:28.180 that is the action which shuts off the game. 00:39:28.180 --> 00:39:30.743 Since this is currently set to three-ball play, 00:39:30.743 --> 00:39:34.505 once the ball count unit moves into the position for ball four, 00:39:34.505 --> 00:39:39.709 the other wiper completes the circuit for the game over relay trip coil. 00:39:39.709 --> 00:39:43.800 The instant it moves to ball four, the game shuts off. 00:39:43.800 --> 00:39:46.171 You can see that if I bridge this switch together, 00:39:46.171 --> 00:39:51.168 despite being in the game over position, ball 4 lights up on the backglass. 00:39:51.168 --> 00:39:54.795 The ball count unit is actually resting in the ball four position. 00:39:54.795 --> 00:40:01.719 But the 3 or 5 ball play adjustment jack has connected the game over relay trip coil to this contact patch, 00:40:01.719 --> 00:40:04.073 so as soon as the wiper touched it, boom. 00:40:04.073 --> 00:40:05.683 Game over. 00:40:05.683 --> 00:40:10.612 If I had set this to five ball play, it wouldn't have ended the game because in that case 00:40:10.612 --> 00:40:15.704 the game over relay trip coil is connected to this contact patch instead. 00:40:15.704 --> 00:40:17.628 So you would get to play ball four. 00:40:17.628 --> 00:40:19.363 And then ball five. 00:40:19.363 --> 00:40:23.608 At the end of ball five, though, the ball count unit would step up again 00:40:23.608 --> 00:40:29.399 and in the quasi-sixth position, the game over relay would be tripped. 00:40:29.399 --> 00:40:31.606 With the game over relay tripped, 00:40:31.606 --> 00:40:35.609 the rest of the stuff the outhole relay normally does at the end of a ball... 00:40:35.609 --> 00:40:37.627 just doesn’t happen. 00:40:37.627 --> 00:40:43.078 For instance, the ball release coil doesn’t get power since this switch is now open. 00:40:43.078 --> 00:40:47.061 In fact, none of the stuff below this point in the schematic will work. 00:40:47.061 --> 00:40:50.107 The game is over so it's shut off. 00:40:50.107 --> 00:40:53.755 But there is a different thing it might do at the end - 00:40:53.755 --> 00:40:56.542 and that is give you a free game. 00:40:56.542 --> 00:41:02.596 If the number at the end of your score happens to match the number that appears in the clouds on the backglass, 00:41:02.596 --> 00:41:07.446 you’ll hear a knocking sound and suddenly the number 1 will appear here, 00:41:07.446 --> 00:41:10.342 indicating there’s a credit on the machine, 00:41:10.342 --> 00:41:13.827 and a new game can be played by pressing the start button. 00:41:14.834 --> 00:41:16.498 How’s that work? 00:41:16.498 --> 00:41:20.131 Well… I guess we’re gonna need a part three. 00:41:20.131 --> 00:41:23.910 I know, I know, but there’s a lot to this! 00:41:23.910 --> 00:41:25.624 We’re almost there, though. 00:41:25.624 --> 00:41:29.720 In part three, we’ll take a look at how this number match feature works. 00:41:29.720 --> 00:41:31.867 We’ll also look at the credit unit 00:41:31.867 --> 00:41:37.810 (did you know that that’s what made pinball illegal in some places? Yeah, and we’ll get into that, too). 00:41:37.810 --> 00:41:40.591 We’ll also look at how multi-player games work, 00:41:40.591 --> 00:41:43.912 and finally we’ll talk about the tilt switch. 00:41:43.912 --> 00:41:46.800 Get too rough with the machine and boop - 00:41:46.800 --> 00:41:48.461 you’ve lost that ball. 00:41:48.461 --> 00:41:50.077 Better luck next time. 00:41:50.077 --> 00:41:53.057 Speaking of next time, see you next time! 00:41:53.960 --> 00:41:56.544 ♫ tiltedly smooth jazz ♫ 00:41:57.968 --> 00:42:00.060 In the perhaps ostimi… 00:42:00.458 --> 00:42:01.802 [disappointment] 00:42:02.121 --> 00:42:03.677 well... 00:42:05.706 --> 00:42:07.294 already got one! 00:42:07.294 --> 00:42:10.495 ...that the primary reason for their existence isn’t fun. 00:42:11.052 --> 00:42:13.378 It’s… something weird happened. 00:42:13.378 --> 00:42:15.099 Mmmneergahbuhguhbuhbuhgaaaaah 00:42:15.099 --> 00:42:16.633 buhbuhbugabowwwah 00:42:16.633 --> 00:42:18.133 The main relay like -- 00:42:18.133 --> 00:42:19.275 AAHHHH 00:42:19.275 --> 00:42:20.987 But you’ll notice that the… 00:42:20.987 --> 00:42:21.858 BLARGRRP! 00:42:21.858 --> 00:42:26.128 But one that mechanically latches into two stable… 00:42:26.128 --> 00:42:27.549 crap! 00:42:27.549 --> 00:42:29.800 Not the Motorola logo. 00:42:29.800 --> 00:42:32.263 Ble…mmmm okay, this is a long line. 00:42:32.263 --> 00:42:33.985 Gotta start at the bottom. 00:42:33.985 --> 00:42:38.323 …like so many others in this machine will lock on through a switch within itself 00:42:38.323 --> 00:42:42.020 but this time its interlocking power path oh crap. 00:42:43.254 --> 00:42:45.967 Did you get the two bits of trivia pun? 00:42:45.967 --> 00:42:48.744 Honestly I doubt even many Americans would. 00:42:48.744 --> 00:42:51.824 "Two bits" is an old expression for a quarter. 00:42:51.824 --> 00:42:54.721 That's what "shave and a haircut: two bits" means. 00:42:55.756 --> 00:42:59.043 The best jokes need explanations.